High-birefringence direct UV-written waveguides for use as heralded single-photon sources at telecommunication wavelengths

Matthew T. Posner, T. Hiemstra, Paolo L. Mennea, Rex H. S. Bannerman, Ulrich B. Hoff, Andreas Eckstein, W. Steven Kolthammer, Ian A. Walmsley, Devin H. Smith, James C. Gates, and Peter G. R. Smith

Journal
Optics Express
Abstract

Direct UV-written waveguides are fabricated in silica-on-silicon with birefringence of (4.9 ± 0.2) × 10−4 , much greater than previously reported in this platform. We show that these waveguides are suitable for the generation of heralded single photons at telecommunication wavelengths by spontaneous four-wave mixing. A pulsed pump field at 1060 nm generates pairs of photons in highly detuned, spectrally uncorrelated modes near 1550 nm and 800 nm. Waveguide-to-fiber coupling efficiencies of 78–91 % are achieved for all fields. Waveguide birefringence is controlled through dopant concentration of GeCl4 and BCl3 using the flame hydrolysis deposition process. The technology provides a route towards the scalability of silica-on-silicon integrated components for photonic quantum experiments.

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